This link provides primary resource information concerning Amphitheater School District that can be used to meet District objectives concerning the students’ use of historical methods and issues related to geography.
Amphitheater Public Schools Curriculum Framework
Key Standards, Benchmark 2, Social Studies, Grades 4-5, Standard 1: HISTORY, 1SS-E1: Understand and apply the basic tools of historical research, including chronology and how to collect, interpret, and employ information from historical material.Key Standards, Benchmark 2, Social Studies, Grades 4-5, Standard 3: GEOGRAPHY, 3SS-E2: Describe the impact of interactions between people and the natural environment on the development of places and regions in Arizona, including how people have adapted to and modified the environment.
The history of Amphitheater School District parallels many of the historic events of Tucson, Arizona, and, in a broader sense, the history of Arizona itself.
Information included in this link:
What is History?
How We Understand History
Primary Resource Links for Amphitheater School District:
1955 student history on the District
Helen Keeling recollections
1930 Arizona Daily Star article
Amphitheater Broadcast (school newsletter)
Ralph Wetmore's recollections
maps of District boundaries (1893 - 2003)
video: teachers recall memories of the mesquite tree
audio: 1893 music recording
Secondary Resources
Related to Understanding History
Chronology of Historical Events in Tucson
Research Bibliography on Tucson History
Definition of History: branch of knowledge dealing with past events. Acts, ideas, or events in the past that will or can shape the course of the future.
Two categories of
history:
Physical
history of the
Earth
Human
history
History really tells us what people are all
about:
Why do
people do the things they
do?
Are people
different today than they were in the past?
Definition of Geography: A branch of knowledge that deals with the Earth and its life; the description of land, sea, air, and the distribution of plant and animal life, including man and his industries.
Physical Features
The physical features of any area define the human interaction that follows. Each new arrival builds over the previous culture’s endeavors.
Layers of Culture
Archaeologists assess the different layers of culture.
Primary Resource: A first-hand (eyewitness) account of an event, or material created at the time of the event. These can include diaries, sketches, personal narratives, oral histories, autobiographies, newspaper stories (created at the time of the event), court records, maps, census data, archaeological data, photographs, songs, and artifacts. These records are the bricks historians use to build historical interpretations of an event, era, or personality
1955 student history on the District
Helen Keeling recollections
1930 Arizona Daily Star article
Amphitheater Broadcast (school newsletter)
Ralph Wetmore's recollections
Drawings
View the video "Mesquite Tree"
Audio 1893 recording of The Last Rose of Summer
Amphitheater District 1893 Amphitheater District 1942
Amphitheater District 1953 Amphitheater District 1972 Amphitheater District 2003
Secondary Resource: A secondary resource uses primary resources and other secondary resources to interpret events, personalities, or eras. These include textbooks, histories, magazine or journal articles, encyclopedias, biographies, documentary films.
Amphitheater School District secondary
resources:
Amphitheater
by Peyton
Reavis
1993
video, Centennial Crossroads
Archaeology: scientific study of historic or prehistoric people and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other remains, especially those that are excavated.
Culture: the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings and transmitted from one generation to another.
Community: a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, shared government, and have a common culture and historical heritage.
| 800 | Hohokam villages exist along the water courses |
| 1699 | Father Kino names Tucson Indian village San Cosme del Tucson, a visita of Mission San Xavier del Bac |
| 1775 | Site of the Presidio of San Agustin del Tucson selected and laid out by Lt. Col. Don Hugh O’Connor, Royal Spanish Army |
| 1776 | Probable date for occupancy of Tucson Presidio site by Spanish soldiers under Acting Commander Lt. Juan de Olivas. Site definitely occupied by summer 1776. A temporary fort built. |
| 1783 | Adobe walls and dwellings of the Presidio completed. |
| 1821 | Mariscal Alejo Garcia Conde, Commanding General of the Internal Provinces, seconds the Plan of Iguala proclaiming Mexico’s independence from Spain. Tucson passes from Spanish to Mexican rule. |
| 1853 | First Butterfield Overland Mail coach reaches Tucson. |
| 1860 | Tucson population passes 600 mark. Census of 1860 records 620 persons in the community, including eight blacks. |
| 1862 | First Union troops, under Col. Joseph R. West, take possession of Tucson. Hunter and his troops had abandoned Tucson the previous month after losing a skirmish to Union soldiers at Picacho Pass. |
| 1863 | Tucsonans celebrate passage of Congress of act making Arizona a separate territory. |
| 1867 | Tucson becomes capitol of Arizona. |
| 1872 | First permanent public school opens in Tucson on land donated by Tucson businessman Estevan Ochoa. |
| 1880 | Tucson population climbs to 7,007. |
| 1885 | Thirteenth territorial legislature meets with Governor Tritle and votes Tucson $25,000 for a university if 40 acres for campus is contributed. Legislation was introduced by Selim Franklin and C. C. Stephens. |
| 1886 | Capture of Geronimo – End of Indian wars. |
| 1891 | University of Arizona begins first classes. |
| 1893 | Amphitheater School District established and classes begin. |
| 1906 | Last mule-drawn streetcar retired, as electric cars begin operation over three-mile loop between downtown area and the University of Tucson. |
| 1912 | Tucsonans celebrate admission of Arizona as 48th state. Dr. I. E. Huffman elected Tucson’s first mayor under statehood. City includes ten square miles. Population is 13,125. Tucson begins paving Congress Street and Main Avenue. |
| 1925 | City acquires 1,280 acres from state for military airfield which is names after two native Tucsonans, Sam Howard Davis and Oscar Monthan. |
| 1927 | More than 20,000 Arizonans are on hand to greet the Spirit of St. Louis which was piloted by Charles Lindbergh (Tucson Municipal Airport). |
| 1933 | University of Arizona enrollment reaches 2,000. |
| 1940 | Davis-Monthan is designated an Army Air Corps Base. |
| 1947 | Cleveland Indians professional baseball team opens spring training in the city. |
| 1950 | Census reports 55,454 people in city; 118,034 in metropolitan area. |
| 1960 | U. S. Congressman Stewart Udall from Tucson named Secretary of the Interior in cabinet of President Kennedy. His younger brother Morris is elected to replace him the House of Representatives. |
| 1965 | Former Tucsonan Frank Borman commands Gemini 7 space flight. |
| 1975 | El Presidio Historic District ordinance is passed by City Council. Tucson celebrates its 200th birthday on August 20. |
Architecture in Our Barrio (1992). Carrillo Intermediate Magnet School, Tucson Unified School District, Tucson AZ.
Armory Park 74ff (1974). Ed. R.C. Giebner. A class project of the College of Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Beneath the Streets: Prehistoric, Spanish, and American Period Archaeology in Downtown Tucson (1994). Eds. J.H. Thiel, M.K. Faught, and J.M. Bayman. Technical Report No. 94-11, Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson AZ.
Carmony, Neil (1994). "Whiskey, Six-guns & Red-light Ladies: George Hand's Saloon Diary, Tucson, 1875-1878." High-Lonesome Books, Silver City, New Mexico.
Celebrating Tucson's Heritage (1996). The City of Tucson.
Cosulich, B. (1953). Tucson. Treasure Chest Publications, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.
Delahanty, R., and E. McKinney (1985). Preserving The West. Random House, Inc., New York, New York.
Giebner, R., et al. (1972). Barrio Historico. University of Arizona College of Architecture. Tucson, Arizona.
Giebner, R. (1979). Tucson Preservation Primer. University of Arizona, College of Architecture, Tucson, Arizona.
Harte, J. (1980). Tucson: Portrait of A Desert Pueblo. Windsor Publications, Woodland Hills, California.
Historic Areas Committee (1969). Historic Architecture in Tucson, Parts I, II, and III. City of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona.
Historic Areas Committee (1969). Tucson Historical Sites. City of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona.
Historic Areas Committee (1971). Tucson's Historic Districts: Criteria for Preservation and Development. City of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona.
Iowa, J. (1985). Ageless Adobe. Sunstone Press, Sante Fe, New Mexico.
Joesler & Murphey -- An Architectural Legacy for Tucson (1994). City of Tucson, Pima County, and The University of Arizona.
Lockwood, F. (1943). Life in Old Tucson. The Ward Ritchie Press, Los Angeles.
McHenry, P. (1979). Adobe: Build It Yourself. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
National Parks Service Historic American Buildings Survey, 1934-1941 - Pima County, Arizona.
National Register of Historic Places (1977). Inventory-Nomination Barrio Libre.
National Register of Historic Places (1985). Inventory-Nomination El Presidio Historic District.
Our Forgotten Past. Tucson Citizen special report, May 29, 1989, through July 3, 1989.
The Pimería Alta (1996). Eds. J.E. Officer, M. Schuetz-Miller, and Bernard I. Fontana. The Southwestern Mission Research Center, Tucson AZ.
REAVIS, PEYTON (1981). AMPHITHEATER. AMPHITHEATER SCHOOL DISTRICT, TUCSON, AZ.
Sanborn Map and Publishing, Tucson, Arizona 1883, 1901, 1909, 1914. New York, New York.
Sheridan, T.E. (1986). Los Tuconenses: The Mexican Community in Tucson, 1854-1941. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Sonnichsen, C. (1982). Tucson: The Life and Times of an American City. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma.
Southwick, M. (1965). Build With Adobe. Swallow Press, Athens, Ohio.
Stewart, J. (1974). Arizona Ranch Houses: Southern Territorial Styles, 1867-1900. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
Turner, Teresa (1982). The People of Fort Lowell. Fort Lowell Historic Board (sponsored by the Tucson-Pima Country Historical Commission).
Tucson: A Legacy. A Collection of Smoke Signals published by the Tucson Corral of the Westerners. (1992). The Tucson Corral of the Westerners.
Tucson: A Short History (1986). Southwestern Mission Research Center.
Wagoner, J. (1970). Arizona Territory 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
Wagoner, J. (1975). Early Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.